David "Bulletproof" Jacobs -- NFL steroids dealer -- death ruled suicide

The New York Times report that Dave "Bulletproof" Jacobs death was ruled a suicide by the Dallas County Police.  A suicide by way of 2 wounds, one to the gut and one to the head.  To the Times:

A preliminary examination by the medical examiner here has found that David Jacobs, a convicted steroids dealer who had linked several N.F.L. players to the use of performance-enhancing drugs, committed suicide, according to the police.

Two self-inflicted wounds and no note???  The examiners do look at exit and entry wounds, angle of entry, and gunpowder residue...But two wounds?  (see the material after the jump)

The police said Jacobs had two self-inflicted gunshot wounds, one in the abdomen and the other in the head. No suicide note was found, said Andrae Smith, a public information officer for the Plano police.

Jacobs and his girlfriend, Amanda Jo Earhart-Savell, were found shot to death at his home here early Thursday morning. The police said they had not yet determined the circumstances surrounding Earhart-Savell’s death. They said Earhart-Savell sustained multiple gunshot wounds.

The weapon was identified a .40-caliber semiautomatic handgun; no other weapons were found in the home.

“Our investigation is consistent with murder-suicide,” Smith said.

Actually, the New York Times saying it is a murder-suicide does suggest the circumstance of the girlfriend's death.

Jacobs, who was convicted on federal steroid distribution charges last year, began cooperating with N.F.L. officials shortly after he was sentenced to probation on May 1. At a meeting last month, he provided the N.F.L. with documentary evidence and testimony that tied several players to performance-enhancing drugs.

Although Jacobs, a former competitive body builder, said he stopped using steroids in April 2007, he still maintained a hulking physique.

Now the inevitable questions about anabolic steroids related to depression and suicide.  We would suggest that steroid may produce mood changes, but in and of themselves would not be both necessary and sufficient for this level of depression.

Depression and suicide are two symptoms from steroid withdrawal, but those effects normally last for several months at the most, said Dr. Gary I. Wadler, an internist and antidoping expert.

“If he did indeed stop using steroids in April of 2007, then it is highly unlikely he would still have any significant psychiatric side effects of using steroids,” Dr. Wadler said in a telephone interview. “Because of the fact that he committed suicide, it raises the question, do we really know what the period of drug usage was? As we know, steroid use is a culture known for secrecy.”

Multiple wound suicides:

Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1981 Sep;2(3):239-42.Links

   

Multishot firearm suicide. Examination of 58 cases.

Suicide by firearm is a frequent mode of death and the most common mode of suicide in the United States. So typically is there but one bullet entrance would in the suicide victim, and so often are there multiple wounds with homicide that some investigators and the public are unaware or forget that the person intending suicide may discharge his gun into himself more than once. The frequency, incidence, and other characteristics of the phenomenon deserve more recognition. The data presented are from medical examiner reports and related material from 7,895 gunshot deaths, including 3,522 suicides by firearm, that occurred in North Carolina in the 7-year period 1972-1978. The 58 multishot firearm suicides represent 0.7% of all firearm deaths (one in 136) and 1.6% of forearm suicides (one in 61). Characteristics of the individual entrance wounds such as body regions involved and muzzle distance were the same as those of single shot cases. Long gun use was not rare, but 0.22 caliber handguns predominated. Other characteristics of weapon, victim, wounds, and situations are presented. Each of the cases was assessed by forensic pathologists as it was reported and was reviewed again for the study. The type of data presented is one advantage of a structured, centrally guided, statewide medical examiner system.

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